1. Networking Basics
- OSI Model:
- A conceptual framework with 7 layers:
- Physical Layer: Transmission of raw bitstreams (cables, signals).
- Data Link Layer: Error detection and correction (MAC, Ethernet).
- Network Layer: Routing and addressing (IP).
- Transport Layer: Reliable data transfer (TCP, UDP).
- Session Layer: Managing connections.
- Presentation Layer: Data translation (encryption, compression).
- Application Layer: User-facing protocols (HTTP, FTP).
- A conceptual framework with 7 layers:
- TCP/IP Model:
- A simplified model with 4 layers: Network Access, Internet, Transport, Application.
- HTTP/HTTPS: Used for web browsing (secure version uses SSL/TLS).
- FTP: File Transfer Protocol for moving files between systems.
- SMTP/IMAP/POP3: Email protocols for sending/receiving messages.
- DNS: Domain Name System for resolving domain names to IP addresses.
- IP (Internet Protocol): IPv4 and IPv6 for addressing devices in a network.
3. Network Security
- Encryption:
- Ensures data is secure during transmission.
- Types: Symmetric (AES, DES), Asymmetric (RSA, ECC).
- Firewalls:
- Protect networks by filtering incoming and outgoing traffic.
- VPN (Virtual Private Network):
- Creates a secure, encrypted connection over public networks.
- SSL/TLS:
- Provides secure communication for websites and online services.
- Virtualization:
- Running multiple virtual machines on a single physical machine.
- Cloud Service Models:
- IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service): AWS EC2, Google Cloud.
- PaaS (Platform as a Service): Heroku, Google App Engine.
- SaaS (Software as a Service): Gmail, Dropbox.
- Kubernetes:
- Managing containerized applications.
- Edge Computing:
- Processing data closer to the source instead of relying on centralized servers.
- Overview:
- A network of interconnected devices that collect and exchange data.
- Communication Protocols:
- MQTT, CoAP, Zigbee, LoRaWAN.
- Applications:
- Smart Homes, Wearable Devices, Industrial Automation, Healthcare Monitoring.