Software Engineering

[Buela_Vigneswaran]

Software Engineering

1. Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC)

• Phases of SDLC:
  1. Requirement Analysis:
     • Gathering and documenting user requirements.
  2. System Design:
     • Designing architecture, data flow, and user interfaces.
  3. Implementation:
     • Writing code based on design specifications.
  4. Testing:
     • Identifying and fixing bugs to ensure software quality.
  5. Deployment:
     • Delivering the software to end-users.
  6. Maintenance:
     • Updating and improving the software post-deployment.

 

2. Software Development Methodologies

 

• Waterfall Model:
  • Linear and sequential approach.
• Agile Methodology:
  • Iterative development with continuous feedback (e.g., Scrum, Kanban).

• DevOps:
  • Combines development and operations to ensure faster delivery and reliability.
• V-Model:
  • Emphasizes validation and verification at each stage of development.

3. Software Design Principles

• Modularity: Dividing software into independent modules.
• Abstraction: Hiding complex implementation details.
• Encapsulation: Restricting access to certain parts of an object.
• Cohesion and Coupling:
  • Cohesion: Keeping related functionalities together.
  • Coupling: Minimizing dependencies between components.

4. Design Patterns

• Creational Patterns:
  • Singleton, Factory, Abstract Factory.
• Structural Patterns:
  • Adapter, Composite, Proxy.
• Behavioral Patterns:
  • Observer, Strategy, Command.
• Purpose:
  • Reusable solutions for common software design problems.

5. Software Testing

 

• Types of Testing:
  • Unit Testing, Integration Testing, System Testing, Acceptance Testing.
• Testing Techniques:
  • Black-Box Testing, White-Box Testing, Grey-Box Testing.
• Automation Testing Tools:
  • Selenium, JUnit, TestNG, Cypress.

6. Software Maintenance

• Types:
  • Corrective: Fixing bugs.
  • Adaptive: Modifying software for changing environments.
  • Perfective: Enhancing features or performance.
  • Preventive: Preventing future issues.

7. Version Control and Collaboration Tools

• Version Control Systems (VCS):
  • Git, SVN (Subversion).
• Collaboration Platforms:
  • GitHub, GitLab, Bitbucket.

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8. Software Metrics and Quality Assurance

• Metrics:
  • Code Coverage, Cyclomatic Complexity, Bug Density.
• Quality Models:
  • ISO/IEC 9126, CMMI (Capability Maturity Model Integration).

9. Tools and Frameworks

• IDE (Integrated Development Environment): IntelliJ, Visual Studio, Eclipse.
• Build Tools: Maven, Gradle.
• CI/CD Tools: Jenkins, CircleCI, GitHub Actions.