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Core Biotechnology Concepts
Cell and Molecular Biology
- Cell structure, function, and signaling.
- DNA replication, transcription, and translation.
- Gene regulation and epigenetics.
Genetic Engineering
- Recombinant DNA technology.
- CRISPR-Cas9 and genome editing.
- Gene therapy and transgenic organisms.
- Microbial culture techniques and fermentation.
- Applications in medicine, agriculture, and industry.
- Bioreactors and scale-up processes.
- Enzyme technology and immobilization.
- Protein engineering and therapeutic proteins.
- Metabolic engineering of pathways.
- Statistical tools for biological research.
- Sequence alignment, molecular modeling, and structure prediction.
- Big data analysis in genomics and proteomics.
Applied Biotechnology Fields
Medical Biotechnology
- Drug development and delivery systems.
- Biopharmaceuticals and monoclonal antibodies.
- Stem cell therapy and regenerative medicine.
- Genetically modified crops and traits.
- Plant tissue culture and propagation.
- Biofertilizers and pest-resistant plants.
- Biocatalysis and bio-based materials.
- Production of biofuels and bioplastics.
- Wastewater treatment and bioremediation.
- Biosensors for environmental monitoring.
- Biodegradation and recycling technologies.
- Climate change mitigation via carbon capture.
- Probiotics and functional foods.
- Food preservation and safety.
- Fermented food products and bioprocessing.
Synthetic Biology
- Designing synthetic organisms and systems.
- Applications in bio-manufacturing and healthcare.
- Nanoparticles in drug delivery and diagnostics.
- Biosensors and nanomedicine.
- Holistic understanding of biological systems.
- Computational modeling of networks and pathways.
- Pharmacogenomics and precision drug development.
- Biomarker discovery for tailored therapies.
- Ethical considerations in genetic modification.
- Policies on biosafety and biosecurity.