1. Finite Element Analysis (FEA)
FEA is a computational method for analyzing the behavior of structures and systems under various conditions.
- Applications: Stress analysis, thermal analysis, vibration analysis.
- Process:
- Discretization of the model into finite elements.
- Application of boundary conditions and loads.
- Solving equations to determine deformation, stress, and strain.
- Tools: ANSYS, ABAQUS, SolidWorks Simulation.
CFD involves simulating fluid flow and heat transfer using numerical methods.
- Applications:
- Aerodynamics of vehicles and aircraft.
- Thermal analysis of heat exchangers.
- Designing HVAC systems.
- Key Techniques:
- Discretizing Navier-Stokes equations.
- Turbulence modeling (e.g., k-epsilon, LES).
- Tools: FLUENT, OpenFOAM, COMSOL Multiphysics.
Vibration analysis studies oscillatory motions in mechanical systems.
- Natural Frequencies: Frequencies at which systems oscillate freely.
- Damping: The mechanism of reducing oscillation amplitude over time.
- Applications:
- Vibration isolation in machinery.
- Analyzing resonant conditions to prevent failures.
- Structural health monitoring.
Composites combine two or more materials to achieve superior properties.
- Types:
- Fiber-reinforced composites (e.g., carbon fiber, fiberglass).
- Laminates for lightweight, high-strength structures.
- Applications: Aerospace, automotive, sports equipment.
- Fabrication Methods: Hand layup, vacuum infusion, and filament winding.
Tribology is the study of friction, lubrication, and wear.
- Applications: Design of bearings, gears, and seals.
- Lubrication Types: Hydrodynamic, boundary, and mixed lubrication.
- Wear Mechanisms: Abrasive, adhesive, and fatigue wear.
Additive manufacturing, or 3D printing, builds objects layer by layer.
- Technologies: Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), Selective Laser Sintering (SLS), and Stereolithography (SLA).
- Applications: Prototyping, complex geometries, medical implants.
- Advantages: Reduced material waste, faster production cycles.
- Nonlinear Control: Handling systems with non-linear characteristics.
- Adaptive Control: Systems that adjust control parameters in real-time.
- Optimal Control: Ensuring maximum performance with minimal resources