Animal Diversity and Classification
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Introduction to Zoology
- Scope and importance of zoology.
- Historical background and contributions of eminent zoologists.
Classification of Animals
- Five Kingdom Classification: Overview.
- Invertebrates: Characteristics and classification up to phylum.
- Examples: Porifera, Cnidaria, Platyhelminthes, Annelida, Arthropoda.
- Vertebrates: Classification and examples up to class level.
- Examples: Pisces, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves, Mammalia.
Animal Relationships
- Symbiosis, parasitism, commensalism, and mutualism.
- Animal adaptations to environments: terrestrial, aquatic, aerial, and arboreal.
Cell and Molecular Biology Cell Structure
- Prokaryotic vs. eukaryotic cells.
- Cell organelles: Structure and function.
- Examples: nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplast, ribosomes.
Molecular Processes
- DNA replication: Mechanisms and enzymes involved.
- Gene expression: Transcription, translation, and regulation.
- Mutations: Types, causes, and effects.
Physiology and Biochemistry Animal Physiology
- Digestive system: Human digestion process.
- Circulatory system: Heart structure and types of circulation.
- Nervous system: Neuron structure and impulse transmission.
- Endocrine system: Hormones and their regulation.
Biochemical Pathways
- Metabolism: Anabolic and catabolic pathways.
- Enzymes: Classification, functions, and factors affecting enzyme activity.
- Energy production: Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and ATP synthesis.
Ecology and Conservation Biology Principles of Ecology
- Ecosystem structure and components.
- Food chain, food web, and energy flow.
- Biogeochemical cycles: Nitrogen, carbon, and water.
Conservation Efforts
- Wildlife conservation: Role of sanctuaries and national parks.
- Endangered species and protection strategies.
- Biodiversity: Hotspots, threats, and conservation.
Human Impact on Ecology
- Pollution: Causes, effects, and control measures.
- Climate change: Global warming and its impact.
- Habitat destruction and its consequences.
Developmental Biology Embryology
- Gametogenesis: Formation of sperm and egg.
- Fertilization: Mechanisms and types.
- Stages of development: Zygote, morula, blastula, gastrula.
- Organogenesis: Development of organs and systems.
Post-Embryonic Development
- Metamorphosis in insects and amphibians.
- Regeneration in animals: Types and examples.
Genetics and Evolution Principles of Genetics
- Mendelian inheritance: Monohybrid and dihybrid crosses.
- Chromosomal basis of inheritance.
- Genetic disorders: Examples and inheritance patterns.
Evolutionary Biology
- Theories of evolution: Lamarckism, Darwinism, modern synthesis.
- Evidence for evolution: Fossils, embryology, and molecular biology.
- Speciation: Processes and examples.
Applied Zoology Medical Zoology
- Parasites and diseases: Plasmodium (malaria), Trypanosoma (sleeping sickness).
- Zoonotic diseases: Transmission and control.
Agricultural Zoology
- Beneficial insects: Pollinators, silk moths, and predators.
- Pests and pest control: Biological and chemical methods.
Aquaculture
- Importance of aquaculture in food production.
- Breeding and rearing techniques.
- Common fish diseases and treatments.
Forum Activities Suggestions Interactive Quizzes
- Weekly topics based on the syllabus.
- MCQs and short-answer questions on genetics, taxonomy, or ecology.
Debates and Discussions
- "Impact of climate change on biodiversity."
- "Genetic engineering: Boon or bane for conservation?"
Practical Assignments
- Create a food chain diagram for your local ecosystem.
- Identify and classify 10 local insects.
Guest Lectures
- Experts on wildlife conservation, biotechnology, or parasitology.