Fundamentals of Forensic Science
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Forensic science is the application of scientific principles and techniques to solve crimes and assist in legal matters. It plays a crucial role in criminal investigations by analyzing evidence and providing scientific conclusions that help law enforcement and the judiciary.
1. Definition and Scope of Forensic Science
Forensic science involves the examination of physical evidence to establish facts in legal cases. It encompasses various scientific disciplines such as chemistry, biology, physics, and digital forensics to analyze evidence related to crimes, accidents, and civil disputes.
2. History and Evolution of Forensic Science
1. Definition and Scope of Forensic Science
Forensic science involves the examination of physical evidence to establish facts in legal cases. It encompasses various scientific disciplines such as chemistry, biology, physics, and digital forensics to analyze evidence related to crimes, accidents, and civil disputes.
2. History and Evolution of Forensic Science
- The use of forensic methods dates back to ancient times when fingerprints were used in China for identification.
- In the 19th century, advances in toxicology, fingerprinting, and ballistics laid the foundation for modern forensic science.
- The 20th and 21st centuries saw the development of DNA profiling, digital forensics, and advanced crime scene investigation techniques.
3. Role of Forensic Science in Criminal Justice
Forensic science contributes to criminal justice by:
Forensic science contributes to criminal justice by:
- Identifying criminals through fingerprint, DNA, and biometric analysis.
- Reconstructing crime scenes to determine how crimes were committed.
- Providing expert testimony in court to support or challenge legal claims.
- Assisting in exonerating innocent individuals through DNA evidence.