PANTOMATH

Lower Limb OPSE

Normal Trendelenburg sign

1. Identify the clinical sign: TRENDELENBERG SIGN
2. Which is the abnormal side? RIGHT SIDE
3. Give reasons for the same:
   • The Trendelenburg sign is said to be positive if, when standing on one leg (the 'stance leg'), the pelvis severely drops on the side opposite to the stance leg (the 'swing limb'). The muscle weakness is present on the side of the stance leg.

1. Identify the abnormality : FRACTURE OF THE NAVICULAR
2. What is the most probable cause? : STRESS FRACTURE
3. What are the components of Chopart joint?
   • The Chopart joint complex, also known as the midtarsal or transverse tarsal joint, is between the hindfoot and midfoot and consists of the talocalcaneonavicular and calcaneocuboid joints.

Above is a radiograph showing the clinically severe complication
following injury to the talus.

1.  What is this complication? Avascular necrosis of talus
2.  Give 2 reasons why the talus is more prone to this complication.
   • The talus is predisposed to avascular necrosis (AVN), or bone death due to ischemia, owing to its unique structure, characteristic extraosseous arterial sources, and variable intraosseous supply.

1. Identify the abnormality above: Dislocation of left femur
2. What type of this abnormality is it? Anterior dislocation
3. What is the assessment test for the same? Ortolani's test

Anterior hip dislocations are usually caused by forceful abduction with external rotation of the thigh and most commonly following a motor vehicle accident or fall,

1. Identify the pointed structure: Fabella
2. Where is it usually seen?: Lateral head of gastrocnemius
3. What is the clinical significance of the same?: Sesamoid bone, reduces friction

1. Identify A : Patella
2. Identify B : Tibial tuberosity
3. Vvmat t"y'lk of epiphysis is B? : Traction epiphysis
4. Vvmen does B fuse? : 14-18 years

The patient in the picture has an inflammation of a structure around the knee

1. What is this structure? Prepatellar bursa
2. What are the other named similar structures around the knee? Infrapatellar, suprapatellar, pes anserine, semimembranosus bursa
3. What is the name of this clinical condition? Housemaid's knee/subcutaneous prepatellar bursitis