Software Testing and Quality Assurance

[Buela_Vigneswaran]

Software Testing and Quality Assurance

1. Importance of Software Testing

• Ensures software meets requirements and is free of defects.
• Improves reliability, performance, and security.
• Reduces development and maintenance costs.

2. Types of Testing

Based on Scope:

1. Unit Testing:
   • Focuses on individual components or modules.
   • Tools: JUnit, N Unit, Py Test.
2. Integration Testing:
   • Tests interactions between integrated modules.
   • Types: Top-down, Bottom-up, Sandwich, Big Bang.
3. System Testing:
   • Tests the entire system as a whole.
   • Ensures compliance with requirements.
4. Acceptance Testing:
   • Verifies the system meets business needs.
   • Types: Alpha Testing, Beta Testing.

Based on Approach:

1. Black-box Testing:
   • Tests functionality without knowing internal code.
   • Focuses on inputs and outputs.
2. White-box Testing:
   • Tests internal structure, code, and logic.
   • Techniques: Statement, Branch, Path, Loop Testing.
3. Gray-box Testing:
   • Combines black-box and white-box approaches.

Based on Automation:

1. Manual Testing:
   • Performed by testers without automated tools.
2. Automated Testing:
   • Uses tools/scripts to execute tests.
   • Tools: Selenium, Appium, TestNG, Postman (API).

Other Types:

1. Regression Testing:
   • Ensures new changes don’t break existing functionality.
2. Performance Testing:
   • Types: Load Testing, Stress Testing, Scalability Testing.
   • Tools: JMeter, LoadRunner.
3. Security Testing:
   • Identifies vulnerabilities like SQL injection, XSS.
   • Tools: OWASP ZAP, Burp Suite.
4. Usability Testing:
   • Ensures software is user-friendly.
5. Compatibility Testing:
   • Tests compatibility across browsers, devices, OS.

3. Software Quality Assurance (SQA)

• Definition: Activities ensuring the quality of the software process and product.
• Key Practices:
  • Code Reviews and Peer Reviews.
  • Quality Audits.
  • Root Cause Analysis (RCA).
• Standards:
  • ISO 9001, ISO/IEC 25010 (Quality Model), CMMI (Capability Maturity Model Integration).

4. Test Automation and Tools

• Benefits:
  • Saves time on repetitive tasks.
  • Improves accuracy and efficiency.
• Tools:
  • Web Testing: Selenium, Cypress.
  • Mobile Testing: Appium, Espresso.
  • Performance: JMeter, Gatling.
  • CI/CD Integration: Jenkins, CircleCI.

5. Test-Driven Development (TDD)

• Write tests before writing code.
• Cycle: Red (fail) → Green (pass) → Refactor.
• Benefits:
  • Ensures code reliability.
  • Improves design.

6. Behavioral-Driven Development (BDD)

• Extends TDD by using natural language.
• Frameworks: Cucumber, Spec Flow.

7. Quality Metrics

• Process Metrics:
  • Defect Density.
  • Test Case Effectiveness.
• Product Metrics:
  • Maintainability, Usability, Reliability.
• Project Metrics:
  • Cost, Schedule Variance.