Forensic Biology & DNA Analysis
Posted: Wed Jan 29, 2025 9:54 am
Forensic Biology & DNA Analysis
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Forensic biology involves the examination of biological evidence to assist in criminal investigations. It includes DNA analysis, bloodstain pattern interpretation, and identification of biological fluids. This field is crucial for solving crimes such as homicides, sexual assaults, and missing person cases.
1. DNA Profiling & STR Analysis
1. DNA Profiling & STR Analysis
- DNA profiling (also called genetic fingerprinting) is used to identify individuals based on their unique genetic makeup.
- Short Tandem Repeats (STR) Analysis is the most common method in forensic DNA testing, analyzing repetitive sequences in DNA to create a genetic profile.
- DNA samples can be collected from blood, saliva, hair, skin cells, and bones.
- The Combined DNA Index System (CODIS) is a database that stores DNA profiles to help in criminal investigations.
2. Bloodstain Pattern Analysis (BPA)
- The study of bloodstains at a crime scene helps determine how a violent act occurred.
- It provides insights into factors like weapon type, force of impact, and position of the victim and suspect.
- Common patterns include passive drops, impact spatter, and transfer stains.
3. Forensic Serology (Blood, Saliva, Semen Identification)
- Forensic serology involves detecting and analyzing bodily fluids such as blood, semen, and saliva.
- Tests like the Kastle-Meyer test (for blood), Phadebas test (for saliva), and acid phosphatase test (for semen) are used in crime scene investigations.
4. Wildlife Forensics
- This subfield helps in investigating crimes related to illegal poaching, wildlife trafficking, and endangered species protection.
- DNA testing can identify species, geographic origins, and even match individual animals to crime scenes.